Study Notes

UTI classification & treatment, recurrent UTI, pyelonephritis, renal/prostatic abscess, XGP, malakoplakia, Fournier gangrene, interstitial cystitis, prostatitis, epididymitis, STIs, and GU TB.

Obstruction pathophysiology, post-obstructive diuresis, infundibular stricture, UPJO, pyeloplasty and flap repairs, ureteric and ureteroenteric strictures, open ureteral reconstruction, endoureterotomy incision sites, retrocaval ureter, obstructed megaureter, and retroperitoneal fibrosis.

Adrenal anatomy and the work-up of hypercortisolism, hyperaldosteronism, pheochromocytoma, adrenal insufficiency, and adrenal masses — including adrenal vein sampling, pre-operative blockade, and adrenocortical carcinoma.

Risk factors, genetics, staging, and management of non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer — including intravesical agent comparison, BCG schedule and toxicity, cystectomy technique and lymph node dissection boundaries.

Renal cysts plus the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of renal cell carcinoma.

Benign and premalignant lesions, staging, lymph node management, and treatment of penile squamous cell carcinoma.

Screening, biopsy, Gleason assignment, risk stratification, and treatment from localized to castration-resistant prostate cancer — including radical prostatectomy technique and complications, radiotherapy, and ADT pharmacology.

Risk factors, tumor markers, staging, and management of germ-cell and other testicular tumors — including RPLND technique and complications, post-chemotherapy residual masses, and paratesticular tumors.

Stone types, metabolic work-up, dietary/medical prevention, dissolution therapy, and SWL vs URS vs PCNL selection with access technique and complications.

Anterior stricture vs posterior PFUI — etiology, evaluation, DVIU/dilation limits, EPA vs augmentation urethroplasty, length-gaining ladder, and complications.

Sexual and penile andrology — priapism, Peyronie's disease, erectile dysfunction, penile prosthesis, and ejaculatory/orgasmic dysfunction.

Renal, ureteral, bladder, urethral, and external genitalia trauma — AAST grading, imaging indications, and management algorithms.

LUTS classification, IPSS, urodynamic formulae (BOOI/BCI), the management algorithm, medical therapy by predominant symptom, surgical choice by prostate size, the outcomes comparison table, and TURP complications including TUR syndrome and severe bleeding.

DeLancey's support levels and POP-Q, prolapse management by compartment with the apex always supported, the female SUI pathway from the four mandatory investigations to the four unranked operations, urogenital fistula localization and repair, and the female urethral diverticulum.

ISD and the causes of incontinence after prostate treatment, natural history, pad-weight severity bands, the pre-surgical assessment, management by severity, the perineal male sling and its failure pathway, and AUS components, indications, contraindications, technique, retention, recurrence and complications.

Storage/emptying physiology, neurogenic bladder risk stratification, LUT patterns by neurological disease, autonomic dysreflexia, DSD, and the full OAB/DUA/augmentation management toolkit.

Indications and the PFS thresholds, the 9 Cs, uroflowmetry pattern recognition, cystometry and compliance, ALPP vs DLPP, BOOI/BCI bands, EMG and DESD, the six dangerous findings, and videourodynamics.

Male factor infertility — physiology, semen analysis, hormonal/genetic/imaging workup, azoospermia (OA vs NOA), medical and surgical management, varicocele, ART, and vasectomy.